Despite the calls to engage with CE, there has been extremely limited research on decision-making for CE. The paper combines the economic fungibility (probability of recovery and price), environmental impacts fungibility (probability of recovery and environmental impacts) to develop the “Decision-making tree for Circular Economy”, aimed at providing guidance on which and how to close loops.
There has been increasing interest on how organisations address the four dimensions of sustainability. The organisation system elements most engaged with sustainability are Research and Management and strategy. The inside and outside sustainability efforts of an organisation are not separated but intertwined through a series of connections.
Although organisations have been working to address the SDGs, there has been limited integration of the SDGs in organisation systems. Organisations’ impacts on the SDGs are quite generalisable to all types of organisations, with three exceptions (SDGs 4, 5, and 16). Organisations can contribute directly to some of the SDGs, but not to others.
Modern energy, in particular electricity, can help rural communities develop through improving education and health. The paper assesses technological options to generate electricity in situ from biomass to reduce energy poverty of rural communities. Generating electricity in a decentralised way through agricultural residual biomass can help lift rural communities from poverty (improving the welfare of almost 10 million people).